Los hábitos de vida saludables en relación al autoconcepto físico en taekwondokas ecuatorianos en tiempos de la pandemia "COVID 19"

La práctica de taekwondo, en el confinamiento de la pandemia del COVID 19, guarda relación con los hábitos de vida saludables y autoconcepto físico. En tal sentido, se determinó como el objetivo de esta investigación identificar las relaciones que puedan producirse entre las respuestas al CAF (Cuestionario de autoconcepto físico) y hábitos de vida saludables de los practicantes de taekwondo a nivel nacional. Se implementó un diseño ex post facto de carácter retrospectivo y correlacional, donde las variables independientes no son susceptibles de manipulación, se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico discrecional, cuya muestra la componen 423 deportistas de taekwondo entre 12 y 58 años. Los participantes cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de autoconcepto físico (CAF) y el Cuestionario de hábitos de vida saludables. Los resultados, comprueban la importancia de los entrenamientos en confinamiento de taekwondo como aporte de una vida saludable, en relación con su propia percepción del autoconcepto físico de los participantes. Se concluyó que la práctica del taekwondo en época de pandemia aportó significativamente en el cuidado y desarrollo de los hábitos de vida saludables.

A prática do Taekwondo, no confinamento da pandemia da COVID-19, está relacionada a hábitos de vida saudáveis e ao autoconceito físico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as relações que podem ocorrer entre as respostas ao CAF (Questionário de Autoconceito Físico) e os hábitos de vida saudável dos praticantes de Taekwondo em nível nacional. Foi implementado um projeto retrospectivo e correlacional ex post facto, em que as variáveis independentes não são suscetíveis de manipulação. Foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística discreta, com uma amostra de 423 atletas de taekwondo entre 12 e 58 anos de idade. Os participantes preencheram o Questionário de Autoconceito Físico (CAF) e o Questionário de Hábitos de Estilo de Vida Saudável. Os resultados comprovam a importância do treinamento de confinamento do taekwondo como contribuição para um estilo de vida saudável, em relação à percepção dos próprios participantes sobre seu autoconceito físico. Concluiu-se que a prática do taekwondo em tempos de pandemia contribuiu significativamente para o cuidado e o desenvolvimento de hábitos de vida saudáveis.

The practice of Taekwondo, in the confinement of the COVID19 pandemic, is related to healthy lifestyle habits and physical self-concept. In this sense, the objective of this research was determined to identify the relationships that may occur between the responses to the CAF (Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire) and healthy lifestyle habits of Taekwondo practitioners nationwide. An ex post facto design of a retrospective and correlational nature was implemented, where the independent variables are not susceptible to manipulation, a discretionary non-probabilistic sampling was used, which sample is made up of 423 taekwondo athletes between 12 and 58 years old. The participants completed the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF) and the Healthy Life Habits questionnaire. The results prove the importance of Taekwondo confinement training as a contribution to a healthy life, in relation to their own perception of the participants' physical self-concept. It was concluded that the practice of taekwondo during the pandemic contributed significantly to the care and development of healthy lifestyle habits.

[Intermittent fasting and human metabolic health]. / El ayuno intermitente y sus efectos en la salud metabólica en humanos.

Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained increasing scientific and general attention. Most studied forms of IF include alternate-day fasting, modified alternate-day fasting, and time-restricted eating (TRE). Several cardiometabolic effects of IF have been described in animal models and, to a lesser extent, in humans. This review analyzes the impact of IF on weight loss, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and lipid profile in humans. A literature search was conducted in the Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Controlled observational or interventional studies in humans, published between January 2000 and June 2021, were included. Studies comparing IF versus religious fasting were not included. Most studies indicate that the different types of IF have significant benefits on body composition, inducing weight loss and reducing fat mass. Changes in cardiometabolic parameters show more divergent results. In general, a decrease in fasting glucose and insulin levels is observed, together with an improved lipid profile associated with cardiovascular risk. High heterogeneity in study designs was observed, particularly in studies with TRE, small sample sizes, and short-term interventions. Current evidence shows that IF confers a range of cardiometabolic benefits in humans. Weight loss, improvement of glucose homeostasis and lipid profile, are observed in the three types of IF protocols evaluated.

Motivos en la práctica de ejercicio y condición física en deportistas marciales adolescentes en nueva normalidad / Motives in the practice of exercise and physical condition in adolescent martial athletes in the new normality / Motivos na prática do exercício e condição física em adolescentes atletas marciais na nova normalidade

El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en determinar los motivos en la práctica de ejercicio físico y relación con la condición física -agilidad, flexibilidad, fuerza explosiva- en deportistas marciales adolescentes en la nueva normalidad. La muestra está constituida por 56 deportistas de taekwondo y 18 de kárate. Se utilizó el Autoinforme de Motivos para la Práctica de Ejercicio Físico (AMPEF) y los test de: Illinois, sit and reach y salto vertical cuantificaron la agilidad, flexibilidad de musculatura isquiotibial y fuerza explosiva de tren inferior. Se cumplió análisis estadístico -coeficiente de correlación de Pearson- entre motivaciones y condición física. Los principales factores motivacionales de los adolescentes marciales fueron: Prevención y salud positiva (M=8,9; DE=1,69), desafío (M=8,9; DE=1,8), diversión y bienestar (M=8,6; DE=1,9). Los test físicos evidencian excelentes resultados en agilidad y flexibilidad, la fuerza explosiva está por debajo de la media. Existen correlaciones positivas entre las capacidades de agilidad (0.86 en hombres y 0.80 en mujeres), fuerza (0.90 en hombres y 0.84 en mujeres) y sus correspondientes factores motivacionales, y una correlación negativa entre la flexibilidad (-0.88 en hombres y -0.90 en mujeres) y su motivación respectiva. Se concluye que los resultados del cuestionario AMPEF y niveles de agilidad, flexibilidad y fuerza explosiva se correlacionan ya sea positiva o negativamente, con valores altos en el coeficiente de Pearson, significa que los adolescentes marciales están conscientes de sus capacidades físicas y mostraron motivación para mejorar sus habilidades.

The objective of this research is to determine the reasons in the practice of physical exercise, and its relationship with the physical condition -agility, flexibility, explosive strength- of adolescent martial art athletes in the new normal. The sample is made up of 56 taekwondo athletes and 18 karate athletes. The Reasons to Practice Physical Exercise Self-report (AMPEF, for its name in Spanish) was used, as well as the tests of Illinois, sit and reach and vertical jump quantified agility, flexibility of the hamstring muscles and explosive strength of the lower body. Statistical analysis-Pearson's correlation coefficient-was performed between motivations and physical condition. The main motivational factors of the adolescent athletes were prevention and positive health (M=8.9; SD=1.69), challenge (M=8.9; SD=1.8), and fun and well-being (M=8.6; SD=1,9). Physical tests showed excellent results in agility and flexibility but explosive strength was below average. There were positive correlations between the abilities of agility (0.86 in men and 0.80 in women), strength (0.90 in men and 0.84 in women), and their corresponding motivational factors, as well as a negative correlation between flexibility (-0.88 in men and -0.90 in women) and their respective motivation. It is concluded that the results of the AMPEF questionnaire and levels of agility, flexibility, and explosive strength are correlated either positively or negatively, with high values in Pearson's coefficient. This means that teenage martial athletes are aware of their physical abilities and show motivation to improve their skills.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar os motivos da prática de exercício físico e sua relação com a condição física - agilidade, flexibilidade, força explosiva - em atletas marciais adolescentes na nova normalidade. A amostra é composta por 56 atletas de taekwondo e 18 de caratê. Foi utilizado o Autorrelato dos Motivos para a Prática de Exercício Físico (AMPEF) e os testes de: Illinois, sentar e alcançar e salto vertical quantificaram agilidade, flexibilidade dos músculos isquiotibiais e força explosiva da parte inferior do corpo. A análise estatística -coeficiente de correlação de Pearson- entre motivações e condição física foi concluída. Os principais fatores motivacionais dos adolescentes marciais foram: Prevenção e saúde positiva (M=8,9; DE=1,69), desafio (M=8,9; DE=1,8), diversão e bem-estar (M=8,6, DP=1,9). Os testes físicos apresentam excelentes resultados em agilidade e flexibilidade, a força explosiva está abaixo da média. Existem correlações positivas entre habilidades de agilidade (0,86 em homens e 0,80 em mulheres), força (0,90 em homens e 0,84 em mulheres) e seus correspondentes fatores motivacionais, e uma correlação negativa entre flexibilidade (-0,88 em homens e -0,90 em mulheres); mulheres) e suas respectivas motivações. Conclui-se que os resultados do questionário AMPEF e os níveis de agilidade, flexibilidade e força explosiva estão correlacionados positiva ou negativamente, com altos valores no coeficiente de Pearson, significa que os adolescentes marciais estão cientes de suas habilidades físicas e demonstraram motivação para melhorar suas habilidades.

El ayuno intermitente y sus efectos en la salud metabólica en humanos / Intermittent fasting and human metabolic health

Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained increasing scientific and general attention. Most studied forms of IF include alternate-day fasting, modified alternate-day fasting, and time-restricted eating (TRE). Several cardiometabolic effects of IF have been described in animal models and, to a lesser extent, in humans. This review analyzes the impact of IF on weight loss, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and lipid profile in humans. A literature search was conducted in the Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Controlled observational or interventional studies in humans, published between January 2000 and June 2021, were included. Studies comparing IF versus religious fasting were not included. Most studies indicate that the different types of IF have significant benefits on body composition, inducing weight loss and reducing fat mass. Changes in cardiometabolic parameters show more divergent results. In general, a decrease in fasting glucose and insulin levels is observed, together with an improved lipid profile associated with cardiovascular risk. High heterogeneity in study designs was observed, particularly in studies with TRE, small sample sizes, and short-term interventions. Current evidence shows that IF confers a range of cardiometabolic benefits in humans. Weight loss, improvement of glucose homeostasis and lipid profile, are observed in the three types of IF protocols evaluated.

Nivel de actividad física, gasto energético e índice de masa corporal en docentes de una facultad de salud / Level of physical activity, energy expenditure and body mass index in teachers of a faculty of health

La actividad física en docentes universitarios se constituye en motivo de estudio puesto que es una población con una franja de gran responsabilidad y propensa a la inactividad física. Objetivo: Valorar el nivel de actividad física e índice de masa corporal de 50 docentes de la facultad de salud en una universidad pública, a partir de la edad, género, estado civil, peso y talla. Materiales y Métodos: El enfoque de investigación es cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, no experimental y corte transversal. Los sujetos de estudio son 50 docentes de la facultad de salud en una universidad pública. Para clasificar el nivel de actividad física, se aplicó el formato corto del Cuestionario de Actividad Física (IPAQ). Resultados: Se evidenció que el 74% de docentes es de género femenino, la mayoría tienen más de 40 años y el 50% son casados. La percepción de los docentes sobre su nivel de actividad física es la siguiente: bajo (- de 600 Mets, el 48%), nivel moderado (- de 1500 Mets, el 38%) y nivel alto (+ de 1500 Mets, el 14%), el tiempo sentado en un día hábil es de 5 a 10 horas diarias. El IMC del 54% de docentes tiene valores correspondientes a sobrepeso, la mayoría pertenece a la carrera de enfermería, el 46%, presenta valores normales. Conclusión: Se concluye que la percepción sobre el nivel de actividad física de los docentes universitarios es bajo y moderado, no cumplen con requerimientos mínimos señalados por la OMS, presentan sedentarismo y sobrepeso(AU)

Physical activity in university teachers is the subject of study since it is a population with a range of great responsibility and prone to physical inactivity. Objective: To assess the level of physical activity and body mass index of 50 teachers from the health faculty at a public university, based on age, gender, marital status, weight and height. Materials and Methods: The research approach is quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional. The study subjects are 50 teachers from the faculty of health at a public university. To classify the level of physical activity, the short format of the Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied. Results: It was evidenced that 74% of teachers are female, most are over 40 years old and 50% are married. Teachers' perception of their level of physical activity is as follows: low (- of 600 Mets, 48%), moderate level (- of 1500 Mets, 38%) and high level (+ of 1500 Mets, 14 %), the time spent sitting on a business day is 5 to 10 hours a day. The BMI of 54% of teachers has values corresponding to overweight, the majority belong to the nursing career, 46% have normal values. Conclusion: It is concluded that the perception about the level of physical activity of university teachers is low and moderate, they do not meet the minimum requirements indicated by the WHO, they are sedentary and overweight(AU)

Caracterización de adolescentes fallecidos por suicidio / Characterization of adolescents who died from suicide

Introducción: En la actualidad un grupo poblacional que tiene alto riesgo de suicidio son los adolescentes. Objetivo: Caracterizar a adolescentes que fallecieron por suicidio. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa descriptiva. La información de las muertes provino de los registros de defunción que gestiona el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística de la República de Colombia, la cual es una fuente secundaria anónima. Se calcularon medidas de frecuencia relativa y absoluta. Resultados: En el período comprendido entre 1998-2017 se registraron 174 suicidios en adolescentes del Departamento de Putumayo. 59,1 por ciento eran mujeres, 22,4 por ciento tenía algún tipo de unión marital, 77,0 por ciento murió por envenenamiento. La tasa se ubicó en 12,0 suicidios por cada 100 000 adolescentes (9,6 en hombres y 14,5 en mujeres). Conclusiones: Se concluye que las tasas encontradas de suicidio son altas y ubican dicho departamento en los primeros lugares de suicidio en adolescentes del país, motivo por el cual las autoridades de salud deben implementar estrategias para mitigar esta situación(AU)

Introduction: Currently a population group that has a high risk of suicide are teenagers. Objective: To characterize suicide in teenagers in the Department of Putumayo, between the years 1998-2017. Methods: A descriptive quantitative investigation was carried out. The information on the deaths came from the country's death records managed by the National Administrative Department of Statistics of the Republic of Colombia which is an anonymous secondary source. Relative and absolute frequency measures were calculated. Results: In the period between 1998-2017 there were 174 suicides in teenagers in the Department of Putumayo. 59,1 percent were committed by women, 22,4 percent had some type of marital union, 77,0 percent died of poisoning. The rate was 12,0 (9,6 men and 14,5 women). Conclusions: It is concluded that the suicide rates found are high and place this department in the first places of suicide in teenagers in the country, which is why health authorities must implement strategies to mitigate this situation(AU)